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6 docs tagged with "exceptions"

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Exception Handling

Exceptions provide a mechanism to transfer control from a point where an error occurs to a handler that can deal with it. They separate error-handling code from normal logic, making code cleaner and more maintainable.

Exceptions and the Vector Table

On most processors, getting from "an interrupt line went high" to "my C function is running" involves software: a dispatcher reads a status register, works out which source fired, and calls the right handler. Cortex-M does none of that. The hardware reads a table of function pointers at a known address, indexes it by exception number, and branches — having already pushed the registers a C function is allowed to clobber. Your handler is an ordinary function with an ordinary prologue, and it starts running a fixed and small number of cycles after the event.

noexcept Specifier

noexcept specifies that a function won't throw exceptions, enabling optimizations and stronger guarantees.

The Register Model

A Cortex-M shows you sixteen 32-bit registers at any moment, and thirteen of them are genuinely interchangeable scratch space. The other three are the processor's control surface — a stack pointer that is secretly one of two, a link register that sometimes holds a return address and sometimes holds a magic number, and a program counter that is one bit weirder than it looks. Alongside those sit half a dozen special registers that are not in the main file at all: you cannot load or store them, and the only way to touch them is a pair of dedicated instructions.