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Interconnects: PCIe and NVLink

Everything so far in this section covers bandwidth inside a single GPU — SM to L2, L2 to HBM. The moment a workload needs data on another device, whether that's the host CPU or a second GPU, a completely different and usually much slower link is in the critical path. Which link is available, and at what bandwidth, is not a software choice — it's a property of the physical topology of the machine, and designing a multi-GPU strategy without first knowing that topology is a common source of disappointing scaling.

Peer-to-Peer Access and NVLink

Two GPUs in the same box can talk to each other directly, or every byte between them can detour through host memory — the difference is entirely a matter of whether peer access has been enabled, and it has real bandwidth consequences either way. This page covers the API for checking, enabling, and using that direct path; the bandwidths themselves live on Interconnects: PCIe and NVLink.